<A>(pf: (a: A) => Option.Option<A>): (self: Ref<A>) => Effect.Effect<A>
<A>(self: Ref<A>, pf: (a: A) => Option.Option<A>): Effect.Effect<A>Updates the value of the Ref atomically using the given partial function and returns the current value.
When to use
Use to apply a conditional Ref update and return the resulting current
value.
Details
If the partial function returns Option.some, the Ref is updated with the
new value. If it returns Option.none, the Ref is left unchanged. The effect
returns the current value of the Ref after the potential update.
Example (Conditionally updating and returning the current value)
import { Effect, Option, Ref } from "effect"
const program = Effect.gen(function*() {
const counter = yield* Ref.make(10)
// Only update if value is greater than 5
const result1 = yield* Ref.updateSomeAndGet(
counter,
(n) => n > 5 ? Option.some(n / 2) : Option.none()
)
console.log(result1) // 5 (updated and returned)
// Try to update again with same condition
const result2 = yield* Ref.updateSomeAndGet(
counter,
(n) => n > 5 ? Option.some(n / 2) : Option.none()
)
console.log(result2) // 5 (unchanged because 5 is not > 5)
})export const const updateSomeAndGet: (<A>(
pf: (a: A) => Option.Option<A>
) => (self: Ref<A>) => Effect.Effect<A>) &
(<A>(
self: Ref<A>,
pf: (a: A) => Option.Option<A>
) => Effect.Effect<A>)
Updates the value of the Ref atomically using the given partial function and returns the current value.
When to use
Use to apply a conditional Ref update and return the resulting current
value.
Details
If the partial function returns Option.some, the Ref is updated with the
new value. If it returns Option.none, the Ref is left unchanged. The effect
returns the current value of the Ref after the potential update.
Example (Conditionally updating and returning the current value)
import { Effect, Option, Ref } from "effect"
const program = Effect.gen(function*() {
const counter = yield* Ref.make(10)
// Only update if value is greater than 5
const result1 = yield* Ref.updateSomeAndGet(
counter,
(n) => n > 5 ? Option.some(n / 2) : Option.none()
)
console.log(result1) // 5 (updated and returned)
// Try to update again with same condition
const result2 = yield* Ref.updateSomeAndGet(
counter,
(n) => n > 5 ? Option.some(n / 2) : Option.none()
)
console.log(result2) // 5 (unchanged because 5 is not > 5)
})
updateSomeAndGet = dual<<A>(pf: (a: A) => Option.Option<A>) => (self: Ref<A>) => Effect.Effect<A>, <A>(self: Ref<A>, pf: (a: A) => Option.Option<A>) => Effect.Effect<A>>(arity: 2, body: <A>(self: Ref<A>, pf: (a: A) => Option.Option<A>) => Effect.Effect<A>): (<A>(pf: (a: A) => Option.Option<A>) => (self: Ref<A>) => Effect.Effect<A>) & (<A>(self: Ref<A>, pf: (a: A) => Option.Option<A>) => Effect.Effect<A>) (+1 overload)Creates a function that can be called in data-first style or data-last
(pipe-friendly) style.
When to use
Use to expose one implementation through both direct and pipe-friendly
call styles.
Details
Pass either the arity of the uncurried function or a predicate that decides
whether the current call is data-first. Arity is the common case. Use a
predicate when optional arguments make arity ambiguous.
Example (Selecting data-first or data-last style by arity)
import { Function, pipe } from "effect"
const sum = Function.dual<
(that: number) => (self: number) => number,
(self: number, that: number) => number
>(2, (self, that) => self + that)
console.log(sum(2, 3)) // 5
console.log(pipe(2, sum(3))) // 5
Example (Defining overloads with call signatures)
import { Function, pipe } from "effect"
const sum: {
(that: number): (self: number) => number
(self: number, that: number): number
} = Function.dual(2, (self: number, that: number): number => self + that)
console.log(sum(2, 3)) // 5
console.log(pipe(2, sum(3))) // 5
Example (Selecting data-first or data-last style with a predicate)
import { Function, pipe } from "effect"
const sum = Function.dual<
(that: number) => (self: number) => number,
(self: number, that: number) => number
>(
(args) => args.length === 2,
(self, that) => self + that
)
console.log(sum(2, 3)) // 5
console.log(pipe(2, sum(3))) // 5
dual<
<function (type parameter) A in <A>(pf: (a: A) => Option.Option<A>): (self: Ref<A>) => Effect.Effect<A>A>(pf: (a: A) => Option.Option<A>pf: (a: Aa: function (type parameter) A in <A>(pf: (a: A) => Option.Option<A>): (self: Ref<A>) => Effect.Effect<A>A) => import OptionOption.type Option<A> = Option.None<A> | Option.Some<A>The Option data type represents optional values. An Option<A> is either
Some<A>, containing a value of type A, or None, representing absence.
When to use
Use to represent initial values that may not yet exist
- Returning from partial functions (not defined for all inputs)
- Managing optional fields in data structures
Namespace containing utility types for Option.
When to use
Use to access type-level helpers associated with Option.
Option<function (type parameter) A in <A>(pf: (a: A) => Option.Option<A>): (self: Ref<A>) => Effect.Effect<A>A>) => (self: Ref<A>(parameter) self: {
ref: MutableRef.MutableRef<A>;
pipe: { <A>(this: A): A; <A, B = never>(this: A, ab: (_: A) => B): B; <A, B = never, C = never>(this: A, ab: (_: A) => B, bc: (_: B) => C): C; <A, B = never, C = never, D = never>(this: A, ab: (_: A) => B, bc: (_: B) => C, cd: (_: C) => D): D; <…;
}
interface Ref<in out A>A mutable reference that provides atomic read, write, and update operations.
When to use
Use to keep shared mutable state that is read and updated inside Effect
programs.
Details
A Ref is a thread-safe mutable reference type for shared state. It supports
simple read and write operations as well as atomic transformations.
Example (Reading and updating a ref)
import { Effect, Ref } from "effect"
const program = Effect.gen(function*() {
// Create a ref with initial value
const counter = yield* Ref.make(0)
// Read the current value
const value = yield* Ref.get(counter)
console.log(value) // 0
// Update the value atomically
yield* Ref.update(counter, (n) => n + 1)
// Read the updated value
const newValue = yield* Ref.get(counter)
console.log(newValue) // 1
})
The Ref namespace containing type definitions and utilities.
When to use
Use when referring to type members nested under the Ref namespace.
Ref<function (type parameter) A in <A>(pf: (a: A) => Option.Option<A>): (self: Ref<A>) => Effect.Effect<A>A>) => import EffectEffect.interface Effect<out A, out E = never, out R = never>The Effect interface defines a value that lazily describes a workflow or
job. The workflow requires some context R, and may fail with an error of
type E, or succeed with a value of type A.
When to use
Use when you need to represent a lazy, composable workflow that can require
services, fail with a typed error, or succeed with a typed value.
Details
Effect values model resourceful interaction with the outside world,
including synchronous, asynchronous, concurrent, and parallel interaction.
They use a fiber-based concurrency model, with built-in support for
scheduling, fine-grained interruption, structured concurrency, and high
scalability.
To run an Effect value, you need a Runtime, which is a type that is
capable of executing Effect values.
Effect<function (type parameter) A in <A>(pf: (a: A) => Option.Option<A>): (self: Ref<A>) => Effect.Effect<A>A>,
<function (type parameter) A in <A>(self: Ref<A>, pf: (a: A) => Option.Option<A>): Effect.Effect<A>A>(self: Ref<A>(parameter) self: {
ref: MutableRef.MutableRef<A>;
pipe: { <A>(this: A): A; <A, B = never>(this: A, ab: (_: A) => B): B; <A, B = never, C = never>(this: A, ab: (_: A) => B, bc: (_: B) => C): C; <A, B = never, C = never, D = never>(this: A, ab: (_: A) => B, bc: (_: B) => C, cd: (_: C) => D): D; <…;
}
interface Ref<in out A>A mutable reference that provides atomic read, write, and update operations.
When to use
Use to keep shared mutable state that is read and updated inside Effect
programs.
Details
A Ref is a thread-safe mutable reference type for shared state. It supports
simple read and write operations as well as atomic transformations.
Example (Reading and updating a ref)
import { Effect, Ref } from "effect"
const program = Effect.gen(function*() {
// Create a ref with initial value
const counter = yield* Ref.make(0)
// Read the current value
const value = yield* Ref.get(counter)
console.log(value) // 0
// Update the value atomically
yield* Ref.update(counter, (n) => n + 1)
// Read the updated value
const newValue = yield* Ref.get(counter)
console.log(newValue) // 1
})
The Ref namespace containing type definitions and utilities.
When to use
Use when referring to type members nested under the Ref namespace.
Ref<function (type parameter) A in <A>(self: Ref<A>, pf: (a: A) => Option.Option<A>): Effect.Effect<A>A>, pf: (a: A) => Option.Option<A>pf: (a: Aa: function (type parameter) A in <A>(self: Ref<A>, pf: (a: A) => Option.Option<A>): Effect.Effect<A>A) => import OptionOption.type Option<A> = Option.None<A> | Option.Some<A>The Option data type represents optional values. An Option<A> is either
Some<A>, containing a value of type A, or None, representing absence.
When to use
Use to represent initial values that may not yet exist
- Returning from partial functions (not defined for all inputs)
- Managing optional fields in data structures
Namespace containing utility types for Option.
When to use
Use to access type-level helpers associated with Option.
Option<function (type parameter) A in <A>(self: Ref<A>, pf: (a: A) => Option.Option<A>): Effect.Effect<A>A>) => import EffectEffect.interface Effect<out A, out E = never, out R = never>The Effect interface defines a value that lazily describes a workflow or
job. The workflow requires some context R, and may fail with an error of
type E, or succeed with a value of type A.
When to use
Use when you need to represent a lazy, composable workflow that can require
services, fail with a typed error, or succeed with a typed value.
Details
Effect values model resourceful interaction with the outside world,
including synchronous, asynchronous, concurrent, and parallel interaction.
They use a fiber-based concurrency model, with built-in support for
scheduling, fine-grained interruption, structured concurrency, and high
scalability.
To run an Effect value, you need a Runtime, which is a type that is
capable of executing Effect values.
Effect<function (type parameter) A in <A>(self: Ref<A>, pf: (a: A) => Option.Option<A>): Effect.Effect<A>A>
>(2, <function (type parameter) A in <A>(self: Ref<A>, pf: (a: A) => Option.Option<A>): Effect.Effect<A, never, never>A>(self: Ref<A>(parameter) self: {
ref: MutableRef.MutableRef<A>;
pipe: { <A>(this: A): A; <A, B = never>(this: A, ab: (_: A) => B): B; <A, B = never, C = never>(this: A, ab: (_: A) => B, bc: (_: B) => C): C; <A, B = never, C = never, D = never>(this: A, ab: (_: A) => B, bc: (_: B) => C, cd: (_: C) => D): D; <…;
}
interface Ref<in out A>A mutable reference that provides atomic read, write, and update operations.
When to use
Use to keep shared mutable state that is read and updated inside Effect
programs.
Details
A Ref is a thread-safe mutable reference type for shared state. It supports
simple read and write operations as well as atomic transformations.
Example (Reading and updating a ref)
import { Effect, Ref } from "effect"
const program = Effect.gen(function*() {
// Create a ref with initial value
const counter = yield* Ref.make(0)
// Read the current value
const value = yield* Ref.get(counter)
console.log(value) // 0
// Update the value atomically
yield* Ref.update(counter, (n) => n + 1)
// Read the updated value
const newValue = yield* Ref.get(counter)
console.log(newValue) // 1
})
The Ref namespace containing type definitions and utilities.
When to use
Use when referring to type members nested under the Ref namespace.
Ref<function (type parameter) A in <A>(self: Ref<A>, pf: (a: A) => Option.Option<A>): Effect.Effect<A, never, never>A>, pf: (a: A) => Option.Option<A>pf: (a: Aa: function (type parameter) A in <A>(self: Ref<A>, pf: (a: A) => Option.Option<A>): Effect.Effect<A, never, never>A) => import OptionOption.type Option<A> = Option.None<A> | Option.Some<A>The Option data type represents optional values. An Option<A> is either
Some<A>, containing a value of type A, or None, representing absence.
When to use
Use to represent initial values that may not yet exist
- Returning from partial functions (not defined for all inputs)
- Managing optional fields in data structures
Namespace containing utility types for Option.
When to use
Use to access type-level helpers associated with Option.
Option<function (type parameter) A in <A>(self: Ref<A>, pf: (a: A) => Option.Option<A>): Effect.Effect<A, never, never>A>) =>
import EffectEffect.const sync: <A>(
thunk: LazyArg<A>
) => Effect<A>
Creates an Effect that represents a synchronous side-effectful computation.
When to use
Use when you need to wrap a synchronous side-effectful operation that is not
expected to throw.
Details
The provided function is evaluated lazily when the effect runs.
Gotchas
The function must not throw. If it throws, the thrown value is treated as a
defect, not as a typed failure. Use try when throwing is expected.
Example (Capturing synchronous logging in an Effect)
import { Effect } from "effect"
const log = (message: string) =>
Effect.sync(() => {
console.log(message) // side effect
})
// ┌─── Effect<void, never, never>
// ▼
const program = log("Hello, World!")
sync(() => {
const const option: Option.Option<A>option = pf: (a: A) => Option.Option<A>pf(self: Ref<A>(parameter) self: {
ref: MutableRef.MutableRef<A>;
pipe: { <A>(this: A): A; <A, B = never>(this: A, ab: (_: A) => B): B; <A, B = never, C = never>(this: A, ab: (_: A) => B, bc: (_: B) => C): C; <A, B = never, C = never, D = never>(this: A, ab: (_: A) => B, bc: (_: B) => C, cd: (_: C) => D): D; <…;
}
Ref<A>.ref: MutableRef.MutableRef<A>(property) Ref<A>.ref: {
current: T;
pipe: { <A>(this: A): A; <A, B = never>(this: A, ab: (_: A) => B): B; <A, B = never, C = never>(this: A, ab: (_: A) => B, bc: (_: B) => C): C; <A, B = never, C = never, D = never>(this: A, ab: (_: A) => B, bc: (_: B) => C, cd: (_: C) => D): D; <…;
toString: () => string;
toJSON: () => unknown;
}
MutableRef<A>.current: Acurrent)
if (const option: Option.Option<A>option._tag: "None" | "Some"_tag === "Some") {
self: Ref<A>(parameter) self: {
ref: MutableRef.MutableRef<A>;
pipe: { <A>(this: A): A; <A, B = never>(this: A, ab: (_: A) => B): B; <A, B = never, C = never>(this: A, ab: (_: A) => B, bc: (_: B) => C): C; <A, B = never, C = never, D = never>(this: A, ab: (_: A) => B, bc: (_: B) => C, cd: (_: C) => D): D; <…;
}
Ref<A>.ref: MutableRef.MutableRef<A>(property) Ref<A>.ref: {
current: T;
pipe: { <A>(this: A): A; <A, B = never>(this: A, ab: (_: A) => B): B; <A, B = never, C = never>(this: A, ab: (_: A) => B, bc: (_: B) => C): C; <A, B = never, C = never, D = never>(this: A, ab: (_: A) => B, bc: (_: B) => C, cd: (_: C) => D): D; <…;
toString: () => string;
toJSON: () => unknown;
}
MutableRef<A>.current: Acurrent = const option: Option.Some<A>const option: {
_tag: "Some";
_op: "Some";
value: A;
valueOrUndefined: A;
pipe: { <A>(this: A): A; <A, B = never>(this: A, ab: (_: A) => B): B; <A, B = never, C = never>(this: A, ab: (_: A) => B, bc: (_: B) => C): C; <A, B = never, C = never, D = never>(this: A, ab: (_: A) => B, bc: (_: B) => C, cd: (_: C) => D): D; <…;
toString: () => string;
toJSON: () => unknown;
}
Some<A>.value: Avalue
}
return self: Ref<A>(parameter) self: {
ref: MutableRef.MutableRef<A>;
pipe: { <A>(this: A): A; <A, B = never>(this: A, ab: (_: A) => B): B; <A, B = never, C = never>(this: A, ab: (_: A) => B, bc: (_: B) => C): C; <A, B = never, C = never, D = never>(this: A, ab: (_: A) => B, bc: (_: B) => C, cd: (_: C) => D): D; <…;
}
Ref<A>.ref: MutableRef.MutableRef<A>(property) Ref<A>.ref: {
current: T;
pipe: { <A>(this: A): A; <A, B = never>(this: A, ab: (_: A) => B): B; <A, B = never, C = never>(this: A, ab: (_: A) => B, bc: (_: B) => C): C; <A, B = never, C = never, D = never>(this: A, ab: (_: A) => B, bc: (_: B) => C, cd: (_: C) => D): D; <…;
toString: () => string;
toJSON: () => unknown;
}
MutableRef<A>.current: Acurrent
}))