<K>(key: K): <A, E>(
self: FiberMap<K, A, E>
) => Effect.Effect<Option.Option<Fiber.Fiber<A, E>>>
<K, A, E>(self: FiberMap<K, A, E>, key: K): Effect.Effect<
Option.Option<Fiber.Fiber<A, E>>
>Retrieves a fiber from the FiberMap effectfully.
Details
Returns an Option wrapped in Effect.
Example (Retrieving a fiber)
import { Deferred, Effect, Fiber, FiberMap } from "effect"
const program = Effect.gen(function*() {
const map = yield* FiberMap.make<string>()
const deferred = yield* Deferred.make<string>()
// Add a fiber to the map
const fiber = yield* Effect.forkChild(Deferred.await(deferred))
yield* FiberMap.set(map, "greeting", fiber)
// Retrieve the fiber with error handling
const retrieved = yield* FiberMap.get(map, "greeting")
if (retrieved._tag === "Some") {
yield* Deferred.succeed(deferred, "Hello")
const result = yield* Fiber.join(retrieved.value)
console.log(result) // "Hello"
}
})export const const get: {
<K>(key: K): <A, E>(
self: FiberMap<K, A, E>
) => Effect.Effect<
Option.Option<Fiber.Fiber<A, E>>
>
<K, A, E>(
self: FiberMap<K, A, E>,
key: K
): Effect.Effect<
Option.Option<Fiber.Fiber<A, E>>
>
}
Retrieves a fiber from the FiberMap effectfully.
Details
Returns an Option wrapped in Effect.
Example (Retrieving a fiber)
import { Deferred, Effect, Fiber, FiberMap } from "effect"
const program = Effect.gen(function*() {
const map = yield* FiberMap.make<string>()
const deferred = yield* Deferred.make<string>()
// Add a fiber to the map
const fiber = yield* Effect.forkChild(Deferred.await(deferred))
yield* FiberMap.set(map, "greeting", fiber)
// Retrieve the fiber with error handling
const retrieved = yield* FiberMap.get(map, "greeting")
if (retrieved._tag === "Some") {
yield* Deferred.succeed(deferred, "Hello")
const result = yield* Fiber.join(retrieved.value)
console.log(result) // "Hello"
}
})
get: {
<function (type parameter) K in <K>(key: K): <A, E>(self: FiberMap<K, A, E>) => Effect.Effect<Option.Option<Fiber.Fiber<A, E>>>K>(key: Kkey: function (type parameter) K in <K>(key: K): <A, E>(self: FiberMap<K, A, E>) => Effect.Effect<Option.Option<Fiber.Fiber<A, E>>>K): <function (type parameter) A in <A, E>(self: FiberMap<K, A, E>): Effect.Effect<Option.Option<Fiber.Fiber<A, E>>>A, function (type parameter) E in <A, E>(self: FiberMap<K, A, E>): Effect.Effect<Option.Option<Fiber.Fiber<A, E>>>E>(self: FiberMap<K, A, E>(parameter) self: {
deferred: Deferred.Deferred<void, unknown>;
state: { readonly _tag: "Open"; readonly backing: MutableHashMap.MutableHashMap<K, Fiber.Fiber<A, E>> } | { readonly _tag: "Closed" };
pipe: { <A>(this: A): A; <A, B = never>(this: A, ab: (_: A) => B): B; <A, B = never, C = never>(this: A, ab: (_: A) => B, bc: (_: B) => C): C; <A, B = never, C = never, D = never>(this: A, ab: (_: A) => B, bc: (_: B) => C, cd: (_: C) => D): D; <…;
toString: () => string;
toJSON: () => unknown;
}
interface FiberMap<in out K, out A = unknown, out E = unknown>A FiberMap is a collection of fibers, indexed by a key. When the associated
Scope is closed, all fibers in the map will be interrupted. Fibers are
automatically removed from the map when they complete.
Example (Managing fibers in a map)
import { Effect, FiberMap } from "effect"
// Create a FiberMap with string keys
const program = Effect.gen(function*() {
const map = yield* FiberMap.make<string>()
// Add some fibers to the map
yield* FiberMap.run(map, "task1", Effect.never)
yield* FiberMap.run(map, "task2", Effect.never)
// Get the size of the map
const size = yield* FiberMap.size(map)
console.log(size) // 2
})
FiberMap<function (type parameter) K in <K>(key: K): <A, E>(self: FiberMap<K, A, E>) => Effect.Effect<Option.Option<Fiber.Fiber<A, E>>>K, function (type parameter) A in <A, E>(self: FiberMap<K, A, E>): Effect.Effect<Option.Option<Fiber.Fiber<A, E>>>A, function (type parameter) E in <A, E>(self: FiberMap<K, A, E>): Effect.Effect<Option.Option<Fiber.Fiber<A, E>>>E>) => import EffectEffect.interface Effect<out A, out E = never, out R = never>The Effect interface defines a value that lazily describes a workflow or
job. The workflow requires some context R, and may fail with an error of
type E, or succeed with a value of type A.
When to use
Use when you need to represent a lazy, composable workflow that can require
services, fail with a typed error, or succeed with a typed value.
Details
Effect values model resourceful interaction with the outside world,
including synchronous, asynchronous, concurrent, and parallel interaction.
They use a fiber-based concurrency model, with built-in support for
scheduling, fine-grained interruption, structured concurrency, and high
scalability.
To run an Effect value, you need a Runtime, which is a type that is
capable of executing Effect values.
Effect<import OptionOption.type Option<A> = Option.None<A> | Option.Some<A>The Option data type represents optional values. An Option<A> is either
Some<A>, containing a value of type A, or None, representing absence.
When to use
Use to represent initial values that may not yet exist
- Returning from partial functions (not defined for all inputs)
- Managing optional fields in data structures
Namespace containing utility types for Option.
When to use
Use to access type-level helpers associated with Option.
Option<import FiberFiber.interface Fiber<out A, out E = never>A runtime fiber is a lightweight thread that executes Effects. Fibers are
the unit of concurrency in Effect. They provide a way to run multiple
Effects concurrently while maintaining structured concurrency and
cancellation safety.
When to use
Use to observe, join, interrupt, or coordinate work that has already been
forked.
Details
A fiber exposes both safe Effect-based operations, such as
await
,
join
, and
interrupt
, and low-level runtime fields used by
the scheduler and runtime internals.
Gotchas
Prefer the exported functions in this module over calling interruptUnsafe
or pollUnsafe directly. The unsafe methods are immediate runtime hooks and
do not provide the same Effect-based sequencing guarantees.
Example (Awaiting a forked fiber)
import { Effect, Fiber } from "effect"
const program = Effect.gen(function*() {
// Fork an effect to run in a new fiber
const fiber = yield* Effect.forkChild(Effect.succeed(42))
// Wait for the fiber to complete and get its result
const result = yield* Fiber.await(fiber)
console.log(result) // Exit.succeed(42)
return result
})
The Fiber namespace contains utility types and functions for working with fibers.
It provides type-level utilities for fiber operations and variance encoding.
When to use
Use to reference type-level helpers associated with Fiber.
Details
The namespace currently exposes type-level support used by the Fiber
interface. Runtime operations are exported as module-level functions.
Example (Working with fiber types)
import { Effect, Fiber } from "effect"
const program = Effect.gen(function*() {
// Create a fiber
const fiber = yield* Effect.forkChild(Effect.succeed(42))
// Use namespace types for variance
const typedFiber: Fiber.Fiber<number, never> = fiber
// Access fiber properties
console.log(`Fiber ID: ${fiber.id}`)
// Join the fiber
const result = yield* Fiber.join(fiber)
return result // 42
})
Fiber<function (type parameter) A in <A, E>(self: FiberMap<K, A, E>): Effect.Effect<Option.Option<Fiber.Fiber<A, E>>>A, function (type parameter) E in <A, E>(self: FiberMap<K, A, E>): Effect.Effect<Option.Option<Fiber.Fiber<A, E>>>E>>>
<function (type parameter) K in <K, A, E>(self: FiberMap<K, A, E>, key: K): Effect.Effect<Option.Option<Fiber.Fiber<A, E>>>K, function (type parameter) A in <K, A, E>(self: FiberMap<K, A, E>, key: K): Effect.Effect<Option.Option<Fiber.Fiber<A, E>>>A, function (type parameter) E in <K, A, E>(self: FiberMap<K, A, E>, key: K): Effect.Effect<Option.Option<Fiber.Fiber<A, E>>>E>(self: FiberMap<K, A, E>(parameter) self: {
deferred: Deferred.Deferred<void, unknown>;
state: { readonly _tag: "Open"; readonly backing: MutableHashMap.MutableHashMap<K, Fiber.Fiber<A, E>> } | { readonly _tag: "Closed" };
pipe: { <A>(this: A): A; <A, B = never>(this: A, ab: (_: A) => B): B; <A, B = never, C = never>(this: A, ab: (_: A) => B, bc: (_: B) => C): C; <A, B = never, C = never, D = never>(this: A, ab: (_: A) => B, bc: (_: B) => C, cd: (_: C) => D): D; <…;
toString: () => string;
toJSON: () => unknown;
}
interface FiberMap<in out K, out A = unknown, out E = unknown>A FiberMap is a collection of fibers, indexed by a key. When the associated
Scope is closed, all fibers in the map will be interrupted. Fibers are
automatically removed from the map when they complete.
Example (Managing fibers in a map)
import { Effect, FiberMap } from "effect"
// Create a FiberMap with string keys
const program = Effect.gen(function*() {
const map = yield* FiberMap.make<string>()
// Add some fibers to the map
yield* FiberMap.run(map, "task1", Effect.never)
yield* FiberMap.run(map, "task2", Effect.never)
// Get the size of the map
const size = yield* FiberMap.size(map)
console.log(size) // 2
})
FiberMap<function (type parameter) K in <K, A, E>(self: FiberMap<K, A, E>, key: K): Effect.Effect<Option.Option<Fiber.Fiber<A, E>>>K, function (type parameter) A in <K, A, E>(self: FiberMap<K, A, E>, key: K): Effect.Effect<Option.Option<Fiber.Fiber<A, E>>>A, function (type parameter) E in <K, A, E>(self: FiberMap<K, A, E>, key: K): Effect.Effect<Option.Option<Fiber.Fiber<A, E>>>E>, key: Kkey: function (type parameter) K in <K, A, E>(self: FiberMap<K, A, E>, key: K): Effect.Effect<Option.Option<Fiber.Fiber<A, E>>>K): import EffectEffect.interface Effect<out A, out E = never, out R = never>The Effect interface defines a value that lazily describes a workflow or
job. The workflow requires some context R, and may fail with an error of
type E, or succeed with a value of type A.
When to use
Use when you need to represent a lazy, composable workflow that can require
services, fail with a typed error, or succeed with a typed value.
Details
Effect values model resourceful interaction with the outside world,
including synchronous, asynchronous, concurrent, and parallel interaction.
They use a fiber-based concurrency model, with built-in support for
scheduling, fine-grained interruption, structured concurrency, and high
scalability.
To run an Effect value, you need a Runtime, which is a type that is
capable of executing Effect values.
Effect<import OptionOption.type Option<A> = Option.None<A> | Option.Some<A>The Option data type represents optional values. An Option<A> is either
Some<A>, containing a value of type A, or None, representing absence.
When to use
Use to represent initial values that may not yet exist
- Returning from partial functions (not defined for all inputs)
- Managing optional fields in data structures
Namespace containing utility types for Option.
When to use
Use to access type-level helpers associated with Option.
Option<import FiberFiber.interface Fiber<out A, out E = never>A runtime fiber is a lightweight thread that executes Effects. Fibers are
the unit of concurrency in Effect. They provide a way to run multiple
Effects concurrently while maintaining structured concurrency and
cancellation safety.
When to use
Use to observe, join, interrupt, or coordinate work that has already been
forked.
Details
A fiber exposes both safe Effect-based operations, such as
await
,
join
, and
interrupt
, and low-level runtime fields used by
the scheduler and runtime internals.
Gotchas
Prefer the exported functions in this module over calling interruptUnsafe
or pollUnsafe directly. The unsafe methods are immediate runtime hooks and
do not provide the same Effect-based sequencing guarantees.
Example (Awaiting a forked fiber)
import { Effect, Fiber } from "effect"
const program = Effect.gen(function*() {
// Fork an effect to run in a new fiber
const fiber = yield* Effect.forkChild(Effect.succeed(42))
// Wait for the fiber to complete and get its result
const result = yield* Fiber.await(fiber)
console.log(result) // Exit.succeed(42)
return result
})
The Fiber namespace contains utility types and functions for working with fibers.
It provides type-level utilities for fiber operations and variance encoding.
When to use
Use to reference type-level helpers associated with Fiber.
Details
The namespace currently exposes type-level support used by the Fiber
interface. Runtime operations are exported as module-level functions.
Example (Working with fiber types)
import { Effect, Fiber } from "effect"
const program = Effect.gen(function*() {
// Create a fiber
const fiber = yield* Effect.forkChild(Effect.succeed(42))
// Use namespace types for variance
const typedFiber: Fiber.Fiber<number, never> = fiber
// Access fiber properties
console.log(`Fiber ID: ${fiber.id}`)
// Join the fiber
const result = yield* Fiber.join(fiber)
return result // 42
})
Fiber<function (type parameter) A in <K, A, E>(self: FiberMap<K, A, E>, key: K): Effect.Effect<Option.Option<Fiber.Fiber<A, E>>>A, function (type parameter) E in <K, A, E>(self: FiberMap<K, A, E>, key: K): Effect.Effect<Option.Option<Fiber.Fiber<A, E>>>E>>>
} = dual<(...args: Array<any>) => any, <K, A, E>(self: FiberMap<K, A, E>, key: K) => Effect.Effect<Option.Option<Fiber.Fiber<A, E>>>>(arity: 2, body: <K, A, E>(self: FiberMap<K, A, E>, key: K) => Effect.Effect<Option.Option<Fiber.Fiber<A, E>>>): ((...args: Array<any>) => any) & (<K, A, E>(self: FiberMap<K, A, E>, key: K) => Effect.Effect<Option.Option<Fiber.Fiber<A, E>>>) (+1 overload)Creates a function that can be called in data-first style or data-last
(pipe-friendly) style.
When to use
Use to expose one implementation through both direct and pipe-friendly
call styles.
Details
Pass either the arity of the uncurried function or a predicate that decides
whether the current call is data-first. Arity is the common case. Use a
predicate when optional arguments make arity ambiguous.
Example (Selecting data-first or data-last style by arity)
import { Function, pipe } from "effect"
const sum = Function.dual<
(that: number) => (self: number) => number,
(self: number, that: number) => number
>(2, (self, that) => self + that)
console.log(sum(2, 3)) // 5
console.log(pipe(2, sum(3))) // 5
Example (Defining overloads with call signatures)
import { Function, pipe } from "effect"
const sum: {
(that: number): (self: number) => number
(self: number, that: number): number
} = Function.dual(2, (self: number, that: number): number => self + that)
console.log(sum(2, 3)) // 5
console.log(pipe(2, sum(3))) // 5
Example (Selecting data-first or data-last style with a predicate)
import { Function, pipe } from "effect"
const sum = Function.dual<
(that: number) => (self: number) => number,
(self: number, that: number) => number
>(
(args) => args.length === 2,
(self, that) => self + that
)
console.log(sum(2, 3)) // 5
console.log(pipe(2, sum(3))) // 5
dual(
2,
<function (type parameter) K in <K, A, E>(self: FiberMap<K, A, E>, key: K): Effect.Effect<Option.Option<Fiber.Fiber<A, E>>>K, function (type parameter) A in <K, A, E>(self: FiberMap<K, A, E>, key: K): Effect.Effect<Option.Option<Fiber.Fiber<A, E>>>A, function (type parameter) E in <K, A, E>(self: FiberMap<K, A, E>, key: K): Effect.Effect<Option.Option<Fiber.Fiber<A, E>>>E>(self: FiberMap<K, A, E>(parameter) self: {
deferred: Deferred.Deferred<void, unknown>;
state: { readonly _tag: "Open"; readonly backing: MutableHashMap.MutableHashMap<K, Fiber.Fiber<A, E>> } | { readonly _tag: "Closed" };
pipe: { <A>(this: A): A; <A, B = never>(this: A, ab: (_: A) => B): B; <A, B = never, C = never>(this: A, ab: (_: A) => B, bc: (_: B) => C): C; <A, B = never, C = never, D = never>(this: A, ab: (_: A) => B, bc: (_: B) => C, cd: (_: C) => D): D; <…;
toString: () => string;
toJSON: () => unknown;
}
interface FiberMap<in out K, out A = unknown, out E = unknown>A FiberMap is a collection of fibers, indexed by a key. When the associated
Scope is closed, all fibers in the map will be interrupted. Fibers are
automatically removed from the map when they complete.
Example (Managing fibers in a map)
import { Effect, FiberMap } from "effect"
// Create a FiberMap with string keys
const program = Effect.gen(function*() {
const map = yield* FiberMap.make<string>()
// Add some fibers to the map
yield* FiberMap.run(map, "task1", Effect.never)
yield* FiberMap.run(map, "task2", Effect.never)
// Get the size of the map
const size = yield* FiberMap.size(map)
console.log(size) // 2
})
FiberMap<function (type parameter) K in <K, A, E>(self: FiberMap<K, A, E>, key: K): Effect.Effect<Option.Option<Fiber.Fiber<A, E>>>K, function (type parameter) A in <K, A, E>(self: FiberMap<K, A, E>, key: K): Effect.Effect<Option.Option<Fiber.Fiber<A, E>>>A, function (type parameter) E in <K, A, E>(self: FiberMap<K, A, E>, key: K): Effect.Effect<Option.Option<Fiber.Fiber<A, E>>>E>, key: Kkey: function (type parameter) K in <K, A, E>(self: FiberMap<K, A, E>, key: K): Effect.Effect<Option.Option<Fiber.Fiber<A, E>>>K): import EffectEffect.interface Effect<out A, out E = never, out R = never>The Effect interface defines a value that lazily describes a workflow or
job. The workflow requires some context R, and may fail with an error of
type E, or succeed with a value of type A.
When to use
Use when you need to represent a lazy, composable workflow that can require
services, fail with a typed error, or succeed with a typed value.
Details
Effect values model resourceful interaction with the outside world,
including synchronous, asynchronous, concurrent, and parallel interaction.
They use a fiber-based concurrency model, with built-in support for
scheduling, fine-grained interruption, structured concurrency, and high
scalability.
To run an Effect value, you need a Runtime, which is a type that is
capable of executing Effect values.
Effect<import OptionOption.type Option<A> = Option.None<A> | Option.Some<A>The Option data type represents optional values. An Option<A> is either
Some<A>, containing a value of type A, or None, representing absence.
When to use
Use to represent initial values that may not yet exist
- Returning from partial functions (not defined for all inputs)
- Managing optional fields in data structures
Namespace containing utility types for Option.
When to use
Use to access type-level helpers associated with Option.
Option<import FiberFiber.interface Fiber<out A, out E = never>A runtime fiber is a lightweight thread that executes Effects. Fibers are
the unit of concurrency in Effect. They provide a way to run multiple
Effects concurrently while maintaining structured concurrency and
cancellation safety.
When to use
Use to observe, join, interrupt, or coordinate work that has already been
forked.
Details
A fiber exposes both safe Effect-based operations, such as
await
,
join
, and
interrupt
, and low-level runtime fields used by
the scheduler and runtime internals.
Gotchas
Prefer the exported functions in this module over calling interruptUnsafe
or pollUnsafe directly. The unsafe methods are immediate runtime hooks and
do not provide the same Effect-based sequencing guarantees.
Example (Awaiting a forked fiber)
import { Effect, Fiber } from "effect"
const program = Effect.gen(function*() {
// Fork an effect to run in a new fiber
const fiber = yield* Effect.forkChild(Effect.succeed(42))
// Wait for the fiber to complete and get its result
const result = yield* Fiber.await(fiber)
console.log(result) // Exit.succeed(42)
return result
})
The Fiber namespace contains utility types and functions for working with fibers.
It provides type-level utilities for fiber operations and variance encoding.
When to use
Use to reference type-level helpers associated with Fiber.
Details
The namespace currently exposes type-level support used by the Fiber
interface. Runtime operations are exported as module-level functions.
Example (Working with fiber types)
import { Effect, Fiber } from "effect"
const program = Effect.gen(function*() {
// Create a fiber
const fiber = yield* Effect.forkChild(Effect.succeed(42))
// Use namespace types for variance
const typedFiber: Fiber.Fiber<number, never> = fiber
// Access fiber properties
console.log(`Fiber ID: ${fiber.id}`)
// Join the fiber
const result = yield* Fiber.join(fiber)
return result // 42
})
Fiber<function (type parameter) A in <K, A, E>(self: FiberMap<K, A, E>, key: K): Effect.Effect<Option.Option<Fiber.Fiber<A, E>>>A, function (type parameter) E in <K, A, E>(self: FiberMap<K, A, E>, key: K): Effect.Effect<Option.Option<Fiber.Fiber<A, E>>>E>>> =>
import EffectEffect.const suspend: <A, E, R>(
effect: LazyArg<Effect<A, E, R>>
) => Effect<A, E, R>
Creates an Effect lazily, delaying construction until it is needed.
When to use
Use when you need to defer the evaluation of an effect until it is required.
Details
suspend takes a thunk that represents an effect and delays creating it
until the suspended effect is evaluated. This is useful for optimizing
expensive computations, managing circular dependencies such as recursive
functions, and helping TypeScript unify return types when branches construct
different effects. Any side effects or scoped captures inside the thunk are
re-executed on each invocation.
Example (Lazily evaluating side effects)
import { Effect } from "effect"
let i = 0
const bad = Effect.succeed(i++)
const good = Effect.suspend(() => Effect.succeed(i++))
console.log(Effect.runSync(bad)) // Output: 0
console.log(Effect.runSync(bad)) // Output: 0
console.log(Effect.runSync(good)) // Output: 1
console.log(Effect.runSync(good)) // Output: 2
Example (Suspending recursive Fibonacci evaluation)
import { Effect } from "effect"
const blowsUp = (n: number): Effect.Effect<number> =>
n < 2
? Effect.succeed(1)
: Effect.zipWith(blowsUp(n - 1), blowsUp(n - 2), (a, b) => a + b)
// console.log(Effect.runSync(blowsUp(32)))
// crash: JavaScript heap out of memory
const allGood = (n: number): Effect.Effect<number> =>
n < 2
? Effect.succeed(1)
: Effect.zipWith(
Effect.suspend(() => allGood(n - 1)),
Effect.suspend(() => allGood(n - 2)),
(a, b) => a + b
)
console.log(Effect.runSync(allGood(32)))
// Output: 3524578
Example (Helping TypeScript infer recursive effect types)
import { Effect } from "effect"
// Without suspend, TypeScript may struggle with type inference.
// Inferred type:
// (a: number, b: number) =>
// Effect<never, Error, never> | Effect<number, never, never>
const withoutSuspend = (a: number, b: number) =>
b === 0
? Effect.fail(new Error("Cannot divide by zero"))
: Effect.succeed(a / b)
// Using suspend to unify return types.
// Inferred type:
// (a: number, b: number) => Effect<number, Error, never>
const withSuspend = (a: number, b: number) =>
Effect.suspend(() =>
b === 0
? Effect.fail(new Error("Cannot divide by zero"))
: Effect.succeed(a / b)
)
suspend(() => import EffectEffect.const succeed: <A>(value: A) => Effect<A>Creates an Effect that always succeeds with a given value.
When to use
Use when an effect should complete successfully with a specific value without any errors
or external dependencies.
Example (Creating a successful effect)
import { Effect } from "effect"
// Creating an effect that represents a successful scenario
//
// ┌─── Effect<number, never, never>
// ▼
const success = Effect.succeed(42)
succeed(const getUnsafe: {
<K>(key: K): <A, E>(
self: FiberMap<K, A, E>
) => Option.Option<Fiber.Fiber<A, E>>
<K, A, E>(
self: FiberMap<K, A, E>,
key: K
): Option.Option<Fiber.Fiber<A, E>>
}
self: FiberMap<K, A, E>(parameter) self: {
deferred: Deferred.Deferred<void, unknown>;
state: { readonly _tag: "Open"; readonly backing: MutableHashMap.MutableHashMap<K, Fiber.Fiber<A, E>> } | { readonly _tag: "Closed" };
pipe: { <A>(this: A): A; <A, B = never>(this: A, ab: (_: A) => B): B; <A, B = never, C = never>(this: A, ab: (_: A) => B, bc: (_: B) => C): C; <A, B = never, C = never, D = never>(this: A, ab: (_: A) => B, bc: (_: B) => C, cd: (_: C) => D): D; <…;
toString: () => string;
toJSON: () => unknown;
}
key: Kkey)))
)